The ChatGPT Impersonation Phishing Campaign: Unmasking a Global Threat to Businesses
Cybercriminals are conducting a large-scale phishing campaign targeting businesses worldwide by impersonating OpenAI. In this campaign, attackers send fake emails claiming that a ChatGPT subscription payment has failed, urging users to update their payment information. These emails contain links that direct victims to fake login pages designed to harvest sensitive credentials.
Notes
<span id="docs-internal-guid-9452852c-7fff-212c-06fa-78ea95185c07"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">CONCLUSION</span></p><br><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Recently, cybercriminals have been adopting increasingly sophisticated impersonation techniques, as evidenced by the large-scale phishing </span><a href="https://socradar.io/labs/campaigns/"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(17, 85, 204); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">campaign</span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"> exploiting OpenAI's ChatGPT brand. These attackers craft emails that mimic legitimate notifications, tricking recipients into thinking they need to update their payment information for a failed subscription. Such tactics not only exploit trust, but also leverage the popularity of AI-driven tools to harvest sensitive credentials that can lead to significant security breaches in organizations.</span></p><br><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">To mitigate these risks, businesses should emphasize security training for their employees, invest in robust email security solutions, and use incident response mechanisms to detect and neutralize threats before they escalate. This phishing campaign underscores the need for companies to be vigilant and proactive against attacks that use persuasive tactics and socially engineered emails to penetrate their defenses.</span></p><br><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">SOCRadar can be an important tool in such scenarios, especially with its </span><a href="https://socradar.io/products/extended-threat-intelligence/"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(17, 85, 204); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">Extended Threat Intelligence </span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">product ,capabilities that provide early warning systems by monitoring dark web conversations, identifying phishing campaigns and tracking brand impersonations in real-time. For organizations looking to further enhance their defenses, SOCRadar's </span><a href="https://socradar.io/products/brand-protection/"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(17, 85, 204); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">Brand Protection</span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"> product is extremely useful, enabling businesses to protect their identity.</span></p><div><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"><br></span></div></span>
Mitigation
<span id="docs-internal-guid-0a9f6cbe-7fff-29d4-a96b-5b1c88102158"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">MITIGATION</span></p><br><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">T1598.001 Phishing for Information: Spearphishing Service</span></p><br><div style="margin-left:0pt;" align="left"><table style="border:none;border-collapse:collapse;"><colgroup><col><col><col></colgroup><tbody><tr style="height:37.75pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;text-align: center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">ID</span></p></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;text-align: center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Mitigation</span></p></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;text-align: center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Description</span></p></td></tr><tr style="height:42.25pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1017"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">M1017</span></a></p></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1017"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">User Training</span></a></p></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Users can be trained to identify social engineering techniques and spearphishing attempts.</span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><br><br><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">T1586.002 Compromise Accounts: Email Accounts</span></p><br><div style="margin-left:0pt;" align="left"><table style="border:none;border-collapse:collapse;"><colgroup><col><col><col></colgroup><tbody><tr style="height:37.75pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;text-align: center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">ID</span></p></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;text-align: center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Mitigation</span></p></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;text-align: center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Description</span></p></td></tr><tr style="height:55.75pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1056"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">M1056</span></a></p></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1056"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Pre-compromise</span></a></p></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">This technique cannot be easily mitigated with preventive controls since it is based on behaviors performed outside of the scope of enterprise defenses and controls.</span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><br><br><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">T1566.001 Phishing: Spearphishing Attachment</span></p><br><div style="margin-left:0pt;" align="left"><table style="border:none;border-collapse:collapse;"><colgroup><col><col><col></colgroup><tbody><tr style="height:37.75pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;text-align: center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">ID</span></p></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;text-align: center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Mitigation</span></p></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;text-align: center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Description</span></p></td></tr><tr style="height:42.25pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1049"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">M1049</span></a></p></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1049"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Antivirus/Antimalware</span></a></p></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Anti-virus can also automatically quarantine suspicious files.</span></p></td></tr><tr style="height:68.5pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1047"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">M1047</span></a></p></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1047"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Audit</span></a></p></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Enable auditing and monitoring for email attachments and file transfers to detect and investigate suspicious activity. Regularly review logs for anomalies related to attachments containing potentially malicious content, as well as any attempts to execute or interact with these files. This practice helps identify spearphishing attempts before they can lead to further compromise.</span></p></td></tr><tr style="height:55.75pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1031"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">M1031</span></a></p></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1031"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Network Intrusion Prevention</span></a></p></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Network intrusion prevention systems and systems designed to scan and remove malicious email attachments can be used to block activity.</span></p></td></tr><tr style="height:68.5pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1021"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">M1021</span></a></p></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1021"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Restrict Web-Based Content</span></a></p></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Block unknown or unused attachments by default that should not be transmitted over email as a best practice to prevent some vectors, such as .scr, .exe, .pif, .cpl, etc. Some email scanning devices can open and analyze compressed and encrypted formats, such as zip and rar that may be used to conceal malicious attachments.</span></p></td></tr><tr style="height:68.5pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1054"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">M1054</span></a></p></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1054"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Software Configuration</span></a></p></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Use anti-spoofing and email authentication mechanisms to filter messages based on validity checks of the sender domain (using SPF) and integrity of messages (using DKIM). Enabling these mechanisms within an organization (through policies such as DMARC) may enable recipients (intra-org and cross domain) to perform similar message filtering and validation.</span><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/security/office-365-security/anti-spoofing-protection?view=o365-worldwide"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">[269]</span></a><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210708014107/https://www.cyber.gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-03/spoof_email_sender_policy_framework.pdf"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">[270]</span></a></p></td></tr><tr style="height:68.5pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1018"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">M1018</span></a></p></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1018"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">User Account Management</span></a></p></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Apply user account management principles to limit permissions for accounts interacting with email attachments, ensuring that only necessary accounts have the ability to open or execute files. Restricting account privileges reduces the potential impact of malicious attachments by preventing unauthorized execution or spread of malware within the environment.</span></p></td></tr><tr style="height:42.25pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1017"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">M1017</span></a></p></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1017"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">User Training</span></a></p></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Users can be trained to identify social engineering techniques and spearphishing emails.</span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><br><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">T1539 Steal Web Session Cookie</span></p><br><div style="margin-left:0pt;" align="left"><table style="border:none;border-collapse:collapse;"><colgroup><col><col><col></colgroup><tbody><tr style="height:37.75pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;text-align: center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">ID</span></p></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;text-align: center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Mitigation</span></p></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;text-align: center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Description</span></p></td></tr><tr style="height:55.75pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1047"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">M1047</span></a></p></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1047"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Audit</span></a></p></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Implement auditing for authentication activities and user logins to detect the use of stolen session cookies. Monitor for impossible travel scenarios and anomalous behavior that could indicate the use of compromised session tokens or cookies.</span></p></td></tr><tr style="height:80.5pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1032"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">M1032</span></a></p></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1032"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Multi-factor Authentication</span></a></p></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">A physical second factor key that uses the target login domain as part of the negotiation protocol will prevent session cookie theft through proxy methods.</span><a href="https://breakdev.org/evilginx-2-next-generation-of-phishing-2fa-tokens/"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">[25]</span></a></p><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Implement Conditional Access policies with Token Protection to bind session tokens to their originating device and user. This reduces the risk of session cookie theft by ensuring that stolen tokens cannot be reused from unauthorized locations or devices.</span></p></td></tr><tr style="height:55.75pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1021"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">M1021</span></a></p></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1021"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Restrict Web-Based Content</span></a></p></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Restrict or block web-based content that could be used to extract session cookies or credentials stored in browsers. Use browser security settings, such as disabling third-party cookies and restricting browser extensions, to limit the attack surface.</span></p></td></tr><tr style="height:94pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1054"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">M1054</span></a></p></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1054"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Software Configuration</span></a></p></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Configure browsers or tasks to regularly delete persistent cookies.</span></p><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Additionally, minimize the length of time a web cookie is viable to potentially reduce the impact of stolen cookies while also increasing the needed frequency of cookie theft attempts – providing defenders with additional chances at detection.</span><a href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2022/11/16/token-tactics-how-to-prevent-detect-and-respond-to-cloud-token-theft/"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">[26]</span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"> For example, use non-persistent cookies to limit the duration a session ID will remain on the web client cache where an attacker could obtain it.</span><a href="https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/cheatsheets/Session_Management_Cheat_Sheet.html"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">[27]</span></a></p></td></tr><tr style="height:55.75pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1051"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">M1051</span></a></p></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1051"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Update Software</span></a></p></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Regularly update web browsers, password managers, and all related software to the latest versions. Keeping software up-to-date reduces the risk of vulnerabilities being exploited by attackers to extract stored credentials or session cookies.</span></p></td></tr><tr style="height:68.5pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1017"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">M1017</span></a></p></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1017"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">User Training</span></a></p></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Train users to identify aspects of phishing attempts where they're asked to enter credentials into a site that has the incorrect domain for the application they are logging into. Additionally, train users not to run untrusted JavaScript in their browser, such as by copying and pasting code or dragging and dropping bookmarklets.</span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><br><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">T1110.004 Brute Force: Credential Stuffing</span></p><br><div style="margin-left:0pt;" align="left"><table style="border:none;border-collapse:collapse;"><colgroup><col><col><col></colgroup><tbody><tr style="height:37.75pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;text-align: center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">ID</span></p></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;text-align: center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Mitigation</span></p></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;text-align: center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Description</span></p></td></tr><tr style="height:82pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1036"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">M1036</span></a></p></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1036"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Account Use Policies</span></a></p></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Set account lockout policies after a certain number of failed login attempts to prevent passwords from being guessed. Too strict a policy may create a denial of service condition and render environments un-usable, with all accounts used in the brute force being locked-out. Use conditional access policies to block logins from non-compliant devices or from outside defined organization IP ranges.</span><a href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/conditional-access/concept-conditional-access-policy-common"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">[5]</span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"> Consider blocking risky authentication requests, such as those originating from anonymizing services/proxies.</span><a href="https://sec.okta.com/blockanonymizers"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">[6]</span></a></p></td></tr><tr style="height:55.75pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1032"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">M1032</span></a></p></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1032"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Multi-factor Authentication</span></a></p></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Use multi-factor authentication. Where possible, also enable multi-factor authentication on externally facing services.</span></p></td></tr><tr style="height:55.75pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1027"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">M1027</span></a></p></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1027"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Password Policies</span></a></p></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Refer to NIST guidelines when creating password policies. </span><a href="https://pages.nist.gov/800-63-3/sp800-63b.html"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">[7]</span></a></p></td></tr><tr style="height:55.75pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1018"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">M1018</span></a></p></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1018"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">User Account Management</span></a></p></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Proactively reset accounts that are known to be part of breached credentials either immediately, or after detecting bruteforce attempts.</span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><br><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">T1041 Exfiltration Over C2 Channel</span></p><br><div style="margin-left:0pt;" align="left"><table style="border:none;border-collapse:collapse;"><colgroup><col><col><col></colgroup><tbody><tr style="height:37.75pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;text-align: center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">ID</span></p></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;text-align: center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Mitigation</span></p></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;text-align: center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Description</span></p></td></tr><tr style="height:55.75pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1057"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">M1057</span></a></p></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1057"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Data Loss Prevention</span></a></p></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Data loss prevention can detect and block sensitive data being sent over unencrypted protocols.</span></p></td></tr><tr style="height:82pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1031"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">M1031</span></a></p></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1031"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Network Intrusion Prevention</span></a></p></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><p style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. Signatures are often for unique indicators within protocols and may be based on the specific obfuscation technique used by a particular adversary or tool, and will likely be different across various malware families and versions. Adversaries will likely change tool command and control signatures over time or construct protocols in such a way to avoid detection by common defensive tools. </span><a href="https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">[177]</span></a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></span>