Star Blizzard’s Latest Cyber Threat: Diplomats Under Fire Through WhatsApp Phishing

PhishingWhatsAppSpear-phishingStar Blizzard

The Star Blizzard campaign is a sophisticated cyber threat attributed to a Russian-linked hacking group targeting high-profile diplomats and officials. Utilizing a novel tactic, attackers exploit WhatsApp by sending phishing emails that mimic legitimate sources, such as government entities. Victims are lured into scanning malicious QR codes or clicking shortened links, granting attackers unauthorized access to their WhatsApp accounts. This campaign signifies an evolution in social engineering techniques, combining psychological manipulation with advanced phishing methods to breach sensitive communications and gather intelligence.

Indicators of Compromise

Domains (2)

civilstructgeo.orgaerofluidthermo.org

APT Groups

Callisto Group

Notes

<span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">CONCLUSION<span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">The increasing complexity of state-sponsored cyber threat actors is demonstrated by the Star Blizzard campaign. The gang exposes weaknesses in both personal and corporate communication channels by using sophisticated phishing techniques and abusing reliable platforms like WhatsApp. This effort poses serious threats to international security and diplomacy since it specifically targets prominent industries including government, non-governmental organizations, and defense. <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">This campaign businesses need to take a proactive stance on cybersecurity, emphasizing: <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(17, 85, 204); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://socradar.io/products/cyber-threat-intelligence/">Cyber Threat intelligence</a><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"> is the ability to keep ahead of enemies by keeping an eye on new threats.<span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Increasing reaction capabilities to promptly mitigate breaches is known as<span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(17, 85, 204); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://socradar.io/incident-response/"> incident response</a><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://">.</a><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">User Awareness: Teaching people about phishing techniques, particularly those that use harmful links and QR codes. <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">With capabilities like the following, SOCRadar's platform provides strong defenses against such threats: <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Cyber Threat Intelligence Module: Facilitates early detection and prevention by offering actionable insights into campaigns such as Star Blizzard.<span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(17, 85, 204); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://socradar.io/products/attack-surface-management/">Attack Surface Monitoring</a><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://socradar.io/products/attack-surface-management/">:</a> To lower the risk of an attack, it finds exposed assets and possible vulnerabilities.<span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(17, 85, 204); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://socradar.io/products/dark-web-monitoring/">Advanced Dark Web Monitoring</a><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">: Keeps tabs on the actions of threat actors and the disclosure of private information on underground forums.<span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(17, 85, 204); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://socradar.io/solutions/phishing-domain-detection/">Phishing domain detection</a><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"> examines phishing attempts and notifies companies of new attack methods.<span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Organizations may strengthen their defenses against complex campaigns and safeguard their resources and reputation in a constantly changing threat environment by utilizing SOCRadar's capabilities.

Mitigation

<span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">MITIGATION <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">T1566.002 - Spearphishing Link <div style="margin-left:0pt;" align="left"><table style="border:none;border-collapse:collapse;"><colgroup><col><col><col></colgroup><tbody><tr style="height:37.75pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">ID</td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Mitigation</td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Description</td></tr><tr style="height:42.25pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1047"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">M1047</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1047"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Audit</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Audit applications and their permissions to ensure access to data and resources are limited based upon necessity and principle of least privilege.</td></tr><tr style="height:55.75pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1021"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">M1021</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1021"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Restrict Web-Based Content</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Determine if certain websites that can be used for spearphishing are necessary for business operations and consider blocking access if activity cannot be monitored well or if it poses a significant risk.</td></tr><tr style="height:94pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1054"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">M1054</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1054"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Software Configuration</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Use anti-spoofing and email authentication mechanisms to filter messages based on validity checks of the sender domain (using SPF) and integrity of messages (using DKIM). Enabling these mechanisms within an organization (through policies such as DMARC) may enable recipients (intra-org and cross domain) to perform similar message filtering and validation.<a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/security/office-365-security/anti-spoofing-protection?view=o365-worldwide"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">[125]</a><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210708014107/https://www.cyber.gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-03/spoof_email_sender_policy_framework.pdf"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">[126]</a><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">.<span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Furthermore, policies may enforce / install browser extensions that protect against IDN and homograph attacks.</td></tr><tr style="height:55.75pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1018"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">M1018</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1018"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">User Account Management</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Azure AD Administrators apply limitations upon the ability for users to grant consent to unfamiliar or unverified third-party applications.</td></tr><tr style="height:95.5pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1017"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">M1017</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1017"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">User Training</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Users can be trained to identify social engineering techniques and spearphishing emails with malicious links which includes phishing for consent with OAuth 2.0. Additionally, users may perform visual checks of the domains they visit; however, homographs in ASCII and in IDN domains and URL schema obfuscation may render manual checks difficult. Use email warning banners to alert users when emails contain links from external senders, prompting them to exercise caution and reducing the likelihood of falling victim to spearphishing attacks. Phishing training and other cybersecurity training may raise awareness to check URLs before visiting the sites.</td></tr></tbody></table></div> <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">T1598.003 Phishing for Information: Spearphishing Link <div style="margin-left:0pt;" align="left"><table style="border:none;border-collapse:collapse;"><colgroup><col><col><col></colgroup><tbody><tr style="height:37.75pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">ID</td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Mitigation</td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Description</td></tr><tr style="height:107.5pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1054"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">M1054</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1054"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Software Configuration</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Use anti-spoofing and email authentication mechanisms to filter messages based on validity checks of the sender domain (using SPF) and integrity of messages (using DKIM). Enabling these mechanisms within an organization (through policies such as DMARC) may enable recipients (intra-org and cross domain) to perform similar message filtering and validation.<a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/security/office-365-security/anti-spoofing-protection?view=o365-worldwide"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">[48]</a><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210708014107/https://www.cyber.gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-03/spoof_email_sender_policy_framework.pdf"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">[49]</a><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Furthermore, policies may enforce / install browser extensions that protect against IDN and homograph attacks. Browser password managers may also be configured to only populate credential fields when the URL matches that of the original, legitimate site.</td></tr><tr style="height:68.5pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1017"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">M1017</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1017"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">User Training</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Users can be trained to identify social engineering techniques and spearphishing attempts. Additionally, users may perform visual checks of the domains they visit; however, homographs in ASCII and in IDN domains and URL schema obfuscation may render manual checks difficult. Phishing training and other cybersecurity training may raise awareness to check URLs before visiting the sites.</td></tr></tbody></table></div> <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">T1566.001 - Spearphishing Attachment <div style="margin-left:0pt;" align="left"><table style="border:none;border-collapse:collapse;"><colgroup><col><col><col></colgroup><tbody><tr style="height:37.75pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">ID</td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Mitigation</td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Description</td></tr><tr style="height:42.25pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1049"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">M1049</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1049"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Antivirus/Antimalware</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Anti-virus can also automatically quarantine suspicious files.</td></tr><tr style="height:68.5pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1047"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">M1047</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1047"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Audit</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Enable auditing and monitoring for email attachments and file transfers to detect and investigate suspicious activity. Regularly review logs for anomalies related to attachments containing potentially malicious content, as well as any attempts to execute or interact with these files. This practice helps identify spearphishing attempts before they can lead to further compromise.</td></tr><tr style="height:55.75pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1031"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">M1031</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1031"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Network Intrusion Prevention</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Network intrusion prevention systems and systems designed to scan and remove malicious email attachments can be used to block activity.</td></tr><tr style="height:68.5pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1021"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">M1021</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1021"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Restrict Web-Based Content</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Block unknown or unused attachments by default that should not be transmitted over email as a best practice to prevent some vectors, such as .scr, .exe, .pif, .cpl, etc. Some email scanning devices can open and analyze compressed and encrypted formats, such as zip and rar that may be used to conceal malicious attachments.</td></tr><tr style="height:68.5pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1054"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">M1054</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1054"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Software Configuration</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Use anti-spoofing and email authentication mechanisms to filter messages based on validity checks of the sender domain (using SPF) and integrity of messages (using DKIM). Enabling these mechanisms within an organization (through policies such as DMARC) may enable recipients (intra-org and cross domain) to perform similar message filtering and validation.<a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/security/office-365-security/anti-spoofing-protection?view=o365-worldwide"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">[269]</a><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210708014107/https://www.cyber.gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-03/spoof_email_sender_policy_framework.pdf"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">[270]</a></td></tr><tr style="height:68.5pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1018"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">M1018</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1018"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">User Account Management</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Apply user account management principles to limit permissions for accounts interacting with email attachments, ensuring that only necessary accounts have the ability to open or execute files. Restricting account privileges reduces the potential impact of malicious attachments by preventing unauthorized execution or spread of malware within the environment.</td></tr><tr style="height:42.25pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1017"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">M1017</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1017"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">User Training</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Users can be trained to identify social engineering techniques and spearphishing emails.</td></tr></tbody></table></div> <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">T1036 - Masquerading <div style="margin-left:0.75pt;" align="left"><table style="border:none;border-collapse:collapse;"><colgroup><col><col><col></colgroup><tbody><tr style="height:37.75pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">ID</td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Mitigation</td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Description</td></tr><tr style="height:42.25pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1049"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">M1049</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1049"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Antivirus/Antimalware</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Anti-virus can be used to automatically quarantine suspicious files.</td></tr><tr style="height:42.25pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1047"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">M1047</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1047"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Audit</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Audit user accounts to ensure that each one has a defined purpose.</td></tr><tr style="height:55.75pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1040"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">M1040</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1040"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Behavior Prevention on Endpoint</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Implement security controls on the endpoint, such as a Host Intrusion Prevention System (HIPS), to identify and prevent execution of potentially malicious files (such as those with mismatching file signatures).</td></tr><tr style="height:42.25pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1045"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">M1045</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1045"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Code Signing</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Require signed binaries.</td></tr><tr style="height:55.75pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1038"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">M1038</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1038"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Execution Prevention</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Use tools that restrict program execution via application control by attributes other than file name for common operating system utilities that are needed.</td></tr><tr style="height:55.75pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1022"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">M1022</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1022"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Restrict File and Directory Permissions</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Use file system access controls to protect folders such as C:\Windows\System32.</td></tr><tr style="height:55.75pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1018"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">M1018</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1018"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">User Account Management</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Consider defining and enforcing a naming convention for user accounts to more easily spot generic account names that do not fit the typical schema.</td></tr><tr style="height:55.75pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1017"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">M1017</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1017"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">User Training</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Train users not to open email attachments or click unknown links (URLs). Such training fosters more secure habits within your organization and will limit many of the risks.</td></tr></tbody></table></div> <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">T1589 - Gather Victim Identity Information <div style="margin-left:0pt;" align="left"><table style="border:none;border-collapse:collapse;"><colgroup><col><col><col></colgroup><tbody><tr style="height:37.75pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">ID</td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Mitigation</td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Description</td></tr><tr style="height:55.75pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1056"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">M1056</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1056"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Pre-compromise</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">This technique cannot be easily mitigated with preventive controls since it is based on behaviors performed outside of the scope of enterprise defenses and controls. Efforts should focus on minimizing the amount and sensitivity of data available to external parties.</td></tr></tbody></table></div> <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">T1534 - Internal Spearphishing<span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">This type of attack technique cannot be easily mitigated with preventive controls since it is based on the abuse of system features. <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">T1078 - Valid Accounts <div style="margin-left:0pt;" align="left"><table style="border:none;border-collapse:collapse;"><colgroup><col><col><col></colgroup><tbody><tr style="height:37.75pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">ID</td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Mitigation</td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Description</td></tr><tr style="height:55.75pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1036"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">M1036</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1036"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Account Use Policies</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Use conditional access policies to block logins from non-compliant devices or from outside defined organization IP ranges.<a href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/conditional-access/concept-conditional-access-policy-common"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">[82]</a></td></tr><tr style="height:55.75pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1015"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">M1015</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1015"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Active Directory Configuration</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Disable legacy authentication, which does not support MFA, and require the use of modern authentication protocols instead.</td></tr><tr style="height:68.5pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1013"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">M1013</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1013"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Application Developer Guidance</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Ensure that applications do not store sensitive data or credentials insecurely. (e.g. plaintext credentials in code, published credentials in repositories, or credentials in public cloud storage).</td></tr><tr style="height:82pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1032"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">M1032</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1032"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Multi-factor Authentication</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Implement multi-factor authentication (MFA) across all account types, including default, local, domain, and cloud accounts, to prevent unauthorized access, even if credentials are compromised. MFA provides a critical layer of security by requiring multiple forms of verification beyond just a password. This measure significantly reduces the risk of adversaries abusing valid accounts to gain initial access, escalate privileges, maintain persistence, or evade defenses within your network.</td></tr><tr style="height:94pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1027"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">M1027</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1027"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Password Policies</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Applications and appliances that utilize default username and password should be changed immediately after the installation, and before deployment to a production environment.<a href="https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA13-175A"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">[83]</a><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"> When possible, applications that use SSH keys should be updated periodically and properly secured.<span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Policies should minimize (if not eliminate) reuse of passwords between different user accounts, especially employees using the same credentials for personal accounts that may not be defended by enterprise security resources.</td></tr><tr style="height:82pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1026"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">M1026</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1026"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Privileged Account Management</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Audit domain and local accounts as well as their permission levels routinely to look for situations that could allow an adversary to gain wide access by obtaining credentials of a privileged account. <a href="https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn535501.aspx"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">[3]</a><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"> <a href="https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn487450.aspx"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">[84]</a><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"> These audits should also include if default accounts have been enabled, or if new local accounts are created that have not been authorized. Follow best practices for design and administration of an enterprise network to limit privileged account use across administrative tiers. <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/identity/securing-privileged-access/securing-privileged-access-reference-material#a-nameesaebmaesae-administrative-forest-design-approach"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">[85]</a></td></tr><tr style="height:55.75pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1018"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">M1018</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1018"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">User Account Management</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Regularly audit user accounts for activity and deactivate or remove any that are no longer needed.</td></tr><tr style="height:55.75pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1017"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">M1017</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1017"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">User Training</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Applications may send push notifications to verify a login as a form of multi-factor authentication (MFA). Train users to only accept valid push notifications and to report suspicious push notifications</td></tr></tbody></table></div> <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">T1585.001 - Social Media Accounts <div style="margin-left:0pt;" align="left"><table style="border:none;border-collapse:collapse;"><colgroup><col><col><col></colgroup><tbody><tr style="height:37.75pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">ID</td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Mitigation</td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Description</td></tr><tr style="height:55.75pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1056"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">M1056</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1056"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Pre-compromise</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">This technique cannot be easily mitigated with preventive controls since it is based on behaviors performed outside of the scope of enterprise defenses and controls.</td></tr></tbody></table></div> <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">T1598 - Phishing for Information <div style="margin-left:0pt;" align="left"><table style="border:none;border-collapse:collapse;"><colgroup><col><col><col></colgroup><tbody><tr style="height:37.75pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">ID</td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Mitigation</td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Description</td></tr><tr style="height:68.5pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1054"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">M1054</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1054"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Software Configuration</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Use anti-spoofing and email authentication mechanisms to filter messages based on validity checks of the sender domain (using SPF) and integrity of messages (using DKIM). Enabling these mechanisms within an organization (through policies such as DMARC) may enable recipients (intra-org and cross domain) to perform similar message filtering and validation.<a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/security/office-365-security/anti-spoofing-protection?view=o365-worldwide"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">[17]</a><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210708014107/https://www.cyber.gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-03/spoof_email_sender_policy_framework.pdf"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">[18]</a></td></tr><tr style="height:42.25pt;"><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1017"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">M1017</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1017"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(79, 124, 172); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">User Training</a></td><td style="border-left:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #dfdfdf 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 37, 41); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Users can be trained to identify social engineering techniques and spearphishing attempts.</td></tr></tbody></table></div>