What is CVE-2021-40438?

CVE-2021-40438 is mod_proxy SSRF. The supplied enrichment data classifies it as SSRF mapped to CWE-918 Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF).

Which versions are affected?

Affected product and version evidence is listed in the product table above. Current public advisories should be checked for exact version scope before patch targeting is finalized.

Is there active exploitation?

Yes: CISA KEV signal present. If exploitation is not confirmed from current sources, teams should document that status and continue monitoring KEV, vendor, and telemetry updates.

Yes. The supplied enrichment data lists CVE-2021-40438 in CISA KEV with required action: Apply updates per vendor instructions.. KEV status should be monitored because it can change after initial disclosure or after exploitation becomes publicly confirmed.

Is there a public exploit?

94 public PoC repositories reported; 2 marked weaponized in current dataset. Public exploit or PoC availability should raise triage priority, especially for exposed or business-critical systems.

How can defenders detect it?

Start with web/proxy/WAF logs, application logs, network IDS/IPS, cloud metadata access logs, egress proxy logs where available. Look for vulnerability-class behavior, product errors, suspicious authentication events, exploit probes, and abnormal process activity based only on evidence that applies to the affected product.

How should teams prioritize it?

Prioritize CVE-2021-40438 using CVSS 9, EPSS 100%, KEV status, public PoC status, and asset exposure. Internet-facing, privileged, or business-critical deployments should be handled first.

Are workarounds available?

The supplied mitigation guidance says to apply vendor patches and restrict external exposure until fixed. Fixed-version evidence is listed in the mitigation section above.

Which threat actors are linked publicly?

Publicly linked actor or ransomware signals in the supplied enrichment data: TeamTNT (), Kinsing (), Operation Cobalt Whisper (), Cobalt (), Ransomware use: Known. Do not attribute exploitation to a threat actor unless the source evidence explicitly supports that linkage.

What should be done in the next 24 hours?

Identify exposed assets running affected vendor/product/version combinations. Treat as emergency remediation because CISA KEV status is present. Search available logs for exploit probes, errors, authentication anomalies, or suspicious child processes matching the vulnerability class. Open remediation tickets with affected assets, owners, evidence status, and detection coverage so decisions are traceable.

CISA KEVRansomwarecriticalSSRFpublic exploit

CVE-2021-40438

CVE-2021-40438 — mod_proxy SSRF

A crafted request uri-path can cause mod_proxy to forward the request to an origin server choosen by the remote user. This issue affects Apache HTTP Server 2.4.48 and earlier.

Published Sep 16, 2021Updated Aug 6, 2026Sources: NVD, Apache Software Foundation (CNA), CISA, FIRST EPSS, GitHub, Red Hat (VEX), SOCRadar CTI

Triage

Is it exploited, how likely is exploitation, what does it touch, and how severe do the scoring sources call it.

Exploitation

Confirmed

CISA KEV, listed Dec 1, 2021

EPSS

100%

top of FIRST's scoreset

Affects

Apache

Apache HTTP Server

CVSS base

critical · 2 sources

CISA SSVC assessment

Three decision points CISA publishes for the CVEs it assesses · SSVC 2.0.3. A stakeholder decision, not a severity score.

CISA

Exploitation

Active

none · proof-of-concept · active

Automatable

Yes

can an attacker script all four kill-chain steps

Technical impact

Total

partial · total control of the vulnerable component

Remediation

The vendor's own words where we have them.

Upgrade Apache HTTP Server to a fixed release. Apply vendor patches per advisory and restrict external exposure of the affected component until patched.

CISA required action

Apply updates per vendor instructions.

Federal deadline Dec 15, 2021 — passed 1,754 days ago

Red Hat VEX · CVE-2021-40438

fixed532affected0not affected25

vendor_fix: For details on how to apply this update, which includes the changes described in this advisory, refer to: https://access.redhat.com/articles/11258 After installing the updated pac…

vendor_fix: Before applying this update, make sure all previously released errata relevant to your system have been applied. For details on how to apply this update, refer to: https://access.…

vendor_fix: For details on how to apply this update, which includes the changes described in this advisory, refer to: https://access.redhat.com/articles/11258 After installing the updated pac…

First 24 hours

Ordered from the record's own fields — exposure first, because you cannot patch what you have not found.

Identify exposed assets running affected vendor/product/version combinations.
Treat as emergency remediation because CISA KEV status is present.
Search available logs for exploit probes, errors, authentication anomalies, or suspicious child processes matching the vulnerability class.

Affected scope

Vendor, product and version as the advisories word them.

Vendor	Product	Versions	Status
Apache	Apache HTTP Server	Apache HTTP Server 2.4 to <= 2.4.48	Vulnerable

Attack characteristics

The CVSS vector, decoded. It describes the attack, not your exposure to it.

Availability

High

Confidentiality

High

Integrity

High

Scope

Changed

Attack Complexity

High

Attack Vector

Network

Privileges Req

None

User Interaction

None

Every base score collected

Sources score independently and disagree; each row says who scored it and under which version.

Score	Version	Severity	Expl.	Impact	Source
9	CVSS 3.1	critical	2.2	6	NVD, CNA, Red Hat (VEX)
6.8	CVSS 2.0	medium	8.6	6.4	NVD

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

What this weakness leads to

MITRE's own consequences and mitigations for the weakness class — the authority's wording, not guidance derived from the CVSS vector.

MITRE

CWE-918 · Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)

Read Application Data
Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands::

Weakness & attack patterns

CWE-918Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)

Inferred from the weakness class — not observed against this CVE.

CAPEC-664 · Server Side Request Forgery

CISA KEV details

CISA lists a CVE here once it has evidence of exploitation against real targets.

CISAThat month →

Listed

Dec 1, 2021

Federal deadline

Dec 15, 2021

passed 1,754 days ago

Ransomware use

Known

CISA records ransomware use only for campaigns it has confirmed, so “Unknown” means unrecorded, not ruled out. The deadline binds US federal agencies; for everyone else it is a date to argue against.

Public exploit

Capability, not use: code existing is a different claim from anyone running it.

Repositories

2 of the 5 sampled are weaponized

Exploit entries

Exploit-DB and CTI exploit indexes

Malware

Families a CTI source ties to this CVE. One named, with the total it tracks.

Families tracked

Named

Cobalt Strike

Detection

Read off the CVSS vector and the weakness class. Starting points, not rules we have tested.

Prioritize edge telemetry for network-reachable Apache HTTP Server.
Monitor for scanner or exploit-pattern traffic after 94 public PoC repositories were reported.

web/proxy/WAF logsapplication logsnetwork IDS/IPScloud metadata access logsegress proxy logs

Groups associated with this CVE

Groups reported in connection with this vulnerability. A reported association, not a confirmed observation of that group using it — and not scoped to any sector or campaign.

TeamTNTKinsingOperation Cobalt WhisperCobalt

ip91.210.242.1876
AbuseIPDB Hourly Update · Aug 27, 2026
ip47.90.149.23812
socks-proxy-Firehol · Jul 14, 2024
ip103.94.52.709
KillNet-DDoS-Blocklist · Jul 20, 2023
ip196.1.93.1024
Proxy · Jul 11, 2025
ip89.190.156.1278
Maltiverse IP List · Dec 12, 2023

5 more indicators on this CVEShowing 5 of 10 · Hashes, addresses and domains from a live threat exchangeUnlock free

Timeline

What happened to this CVE, newest first — with the readings a source repeats on a schedule counted underneath rather than listed.

2026
Added · CVSS 3.1 9.0 (AV:N)
Aug 6, 2026 · NVD
2025
Cve is exploited n0m-d/CVE-2021-40438-POC
Nov 9, 2025 · SOCRadar CTI
Bulletin released on Mitre.
Jul 28, 2025 · SOCRadar CTI
Bulletin released on NIST.
May 17, 2025 · SOCRadar CTI
Bulletin released on Mitre.
Feb 7, 2025 · SOCRadar CTI
Bulletin released on NIST.
Feb 7, 2025 · SOCRadar CTI
2024
Bulletin released on NIST.
Jul 24, 2024 · SOCRadar CTI
2023
CVE is exploited. "Ostorlab/KEV"
Dec 26, 2023 · SOCRadar CTI
CVE is exploited. "sergiovks/CVE-2021-40438-Apache-2.4.48-SSRF-exploit"
Dec 13, 2023 · SOCRadar CTI
2021
Added to CISA KEV catalog
Dec 1, 2021 · CISA
Initial · CVE published
Sep 16, 2021 · NVD
Reported · 2.4.49 released
Sep 16, 2021 · Apache Software Foundation

Source activity

Readings a source repeats on a schedule, counted rather than listed.

8×Tweets · 1 times tweetedFeb 16, 2024 – Feb 1, 2025 · SOCRadar CTI
6×Github ReposJan 26, 2024 – Nov 9, 2025 · SOCRadar CTI
4×SVRS was changedDec 16, 2023 – Nov 29, 2025 · SOCRadar CTI
3×ModifiedJul 24, 2024 – Feb 6, 2025 · SOCRadar CTI

References

30 on the record

cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-685781.pdf
Third Party Advisory, NIST
httpd.apache.org/security/vulnerabilities_24.html
Release Notes, Vendor Advisory, NIST
lists.apache.org/thread.html/r210807d0bb55f4aa6fbe1512be6bcc4dacd64e84940429fba329967a%40%3Cusers.httpd.apache.org%3E
Mailing List, NIST, Mitre
lists.apache.org/thread.html/r2eb200ac1340f69aa22af61ab34780c531d110437910cb9c0ece3b37%40%3Cbugs.httpd.apache.org%3E
Mailing List, NIST, Mitre
lists.apache.org/thread.html/r3925e167d5eb1c75def3750c155d753064e1d34a143028bb32910432%40%3Cusers.httpd.apache.org%3E
Mailing List, NIST, Mitre
lists.apache.org/thread.html/r61fdbfc26ab170f4e6492ef3bd5197c20b862ce156e9d5a54d4b899c%40%3Cusers.httpd.apache.org%3E
Mailing List, NIST, Mitre
lists.apache.org/thread.html/r82838efc5fa6fc4c73986399c9b71573589f78b31846aff5bd9b1697%40%3Cusers.httpd.apache.org%3E
Mailing List, NIST, Mitre
lists.apache.org/thread.html/r82c077663f9759c7df5a6656f925b3ee4f55fcd33c889ba7cd687029%40%3Cusers.httpd.apache.org%3E
Mailing List, NIST, Mitre

Coverage

5 stories from the feeds we poll

Elsewhere on this site

Apacheevery CVE for this vendor
December 2021what else CISA listed
SSRFsame class
CWE-918other pages naming this weakness

Not in any source we poll

Listed rather than left blank: an empty field and an unmeasured one look identical on screen, and only one is a reason to look elsewhere.

Only the 5 indicator(s) reported for this CVE are available; no packet-level or host-forensic artifacts supplied.
No organization-specific asset inventory, compensating-control status, or patch deployment evidence supplied.
No exploit packet captures, log samples, or incident case IDs supplied.

Answered from this record1

What should defenders know first?

CVE-2021-40438 is mod_proxy SSRF, a critical vulnerability affecting Apache HTTP Server from Apache Software Foundation. The current evidence lists it in CISA KEV, and the exploit status is: Yes: CISA KEV signal present. Public exploit evidence is: 94 public PoC repositories reported; 2 marked weaponized in current dataset. The affected-version evidence is listed in the key facts and affected products tables. Defenders should first verify whether exposed or business-critical assets run those versions, then apply vendor patches or mitigations, restrict reachable attack surface, and preserve logs for detection review. CVSS 9 describes technical severity, while EPSS 100% helps estimate near-term exploit likelihood; neither replaces asset context. Unknown fields should remain explicit in tickets, and threat actor, IOC, victimology, or payload claims should not be added unless a cited source supports them. Monitor CISA KEV, vendor advisories, NVD changes, public PoC repositories, and internal telemetry for update triggers.