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CVE-2024-36401

Critical Severity|Geotools
99
SVRS
9.8
CVSSv3
0.94425
EPSS
TAGS
In The WildExploit AvaliableCISA KEVExploit Available
VECTOR STRING
CVSS:3.1AV:NAC:LPR:NUI:NS:UC:HI:HA:H
PUBLICATION DATE2024-07-01
LAST MODIFIED2025-10-21

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Security Intelligence Brief

1. What is this vulnerability and why does it matter?
This vulnerability, identified as CVE-2024-36401, is a Remote Code Execution (RCE) flaw in GeoServer. It matters significantly because it allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary code on a default GeoServer installation by sending specially crafted input via OGC request parameters. The root cause is the unsafe evaluation of property names as XPath expressions by the GeoTools library, which incorrectly applies this evaluation to simple feature types, making all GeoServer instances vulnerable. Successful exploitation can lead to complete system compromise.
2. What are the CVSS score, severity level, and disclosure details?
  • CVSS Score: 9.8 (Critical)
  • Severity Level: Critical
  • Disclosure Details: The vulnerability was published on 2024-07-01 15:25:41 UTC and last modified on 2025-10-21 22:56:21 UTC. It has been confirmed that active exploits for this vulnerability have been published.
3. Which products, vendors, systems, and versions are affected?
  • Vendor: Open-source project GeoServer
  • Product: GeoServer
  • Affected Versions: All GeoServer versions prior to 2.22.6, 2.23.6, 2.24.4, and 2.25.2.
  • Affected Systems: All GeoServer instances are affected, as the vulnerability's underlying mechanism is incorrectly applied to simple feature types in addition to complex feature types.
4. What is the technical root cause and attack vector?
The technical root cause lies within the GeoTools library API, which GeoServer utilizes. This API evaluates property/attribute names for feature types by unsafely passing them to the commons-jxpath library. The commons-jxpath library is capable of executing arbitrary code when evaluating XPath expressions. While this XPath evaluation was intended only for complex feature types (e.g., Application Schema data stores), it is erroneously applied to simple feature types as well. This design flaw leads to the Remote Code Execution vulnerability. The attack vector involves unauthenticated users sending specially crafted input through various OGC request parameters, including:
  • WFS GetFeature
  • WFS GetPropertyValue
  • WMS GetMap
  • WMS GetFeatureInfo
  • WMS GetLegendGraphic
  • WPS Execute requests
5. How can this vulnerability be exploited?
This vulnerability can be exploited by unauthenticated attackers. An attacker crafts malicious input and sends it through specific OGC request parameters such as WFS GetFeature, WFS GetPropertyValue, WMS GetMap, WMS GetFeatureInfo, WMS GetLegendGraphic, or WPS Execute. When GeoServer processes these requests, the GeoTools library unsafely evaluates the crafted property names as XPath expressions using the commons-jxpath library. This unsafe evaluation allows the arbitrary code embedded within the specially crafted input to be executed on the GeoServer host. Although no public Proof-of-Concept (PoC) has been provided, the exploitability has been confirmed.
6. What mitigation steps and patches are available?
Patches:
The primary mitigation is to upgrade GeoServer to a patched version. The following versions contain fixes for this issue:
  • GeoServer 2.22.6
  • GeoServer 2.23.6
  • GeoServer 2.24.4
  • GeoServer 2.25.2
Workaround:
As a temporary workaround, the gt-complex-x.y.jar file can be removed from the GeoServer installation directory. The x.y placeholder represents the GeoTools version (e.g., gt-complex-31.1.jar for GeoServer 2.25.1). Removing this file will eliminate the vulnerable code. However, this workaround may break some GeoServer functionality or prevent GeoServer from deploying correctly if the gt-complex module is a necessary dependency for the specific GeoServer configuration.
7. How can vulnerable systems be detected?
Vulnerable systems can be detected by checking the installed version of GeoServer. Any GeoServer instance running a version older than 2.22.6, 2.23.6, 2.24.4, or 2.25.2 is susceptible to this vulnerability. System administrators should verify their GeoServer version against these patched releases. Additionally, if the workaround has been applied, verifying the absence of the gt-complex-x.y.jar file would indicate an attempt to mitigate, although upgrading is the recommended long-term solution.
8. What are the indicators of compromise (IOCs)?
Since this is a Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability, potential indicators of compromise (IOCs) could include:
  • Unusual outbound network connections originating from the GeoServer host to unknown or suspicious destinations.
  • The presence of unexpected or unauthorized processes running on the GeoServer server.
  • Unexplained modifications to files or the creation of new, unauthorized files within the GeoServer installation directory or other system locations.
  • Anomalous entries in GeoServer logs or system logs, particularly around OGC requests, that might indicate attempted exploitation or execution of arbitrary commands.
  • Spikes in CPU or memory utilization for the GeoServer process that are not attributable to legitimate operations.
9. Which threat actors are known to exploit this vulnerability?
The provided CVE data indicates that active exploits have been published to exploit this vulnerability. However, it does not name specific threat actors or groups currently known to be leveraging CVE-2024-36401.
10. What public intelligence references and advisories exist?
The primary public intelligence reference is CVE-2024-36401 itself. Additionally, the GeoServer project and its associated communities (e.g., GeoTools project) likely issued security advisories, release notes, or blog posts detailing the vulnerability and the release of patched versions (2.22.6, 2.23.6, 2.24.4, and 2.25.2).
11. What is the risk assessment and urgency level?
The risk assessment for CVE-2024-36401 is Critical. This is due to its CVSS score of 9.8, its nature as an unauthenticated Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability, and the fact that it affects all GeoServer instances. The existence of published active exploits further elevates the risk. The urgency level is consequently Immediate. Organizations running vulnerable GeoServer versions should prioritize patching or applying the provided workaround without delay to prevent potential compromise of their systems. Failure to address this vulnerability promptly could lead to significant data breaches, system integrity compromises, and service disruptions.
TypeIndicatorDate
HOSTNAME
enrollmentdm.com2025-01-11Search on IOC Radar
HASH
75612233d32768186d0557dd39abbbd3284a2a292025-03-10Search on IOC Radar
HASH
b80e9466b7bb42959c29546b8c052e67fcaa0f591857617457d5d28348bd88602024-08-26Search on IOC Radar
HASH
b67ab1b9b66fdc2c4ed1689698a54a347c2bdd6eaff87039ae337675243670d82024-08-06Search on IOC Radar
HASH
9bf642a7e14f0a0b0a784f00a0d1cf590ac60ae5ae378d29d435519f4d9dbf2b2024-08-26Search on IOC Radar
HASH
7355cc094f2e43e4dd7b8b698b559abe6d2d74cc48f5cfa464424314c6e419442024-08-01Search on IOC Radar
HASH
c81d4770e812ddc883ead8ff41fd2e5a7d5bc8056521219ccf8784219d1bd8192025-03-04Search on IOC Radar
TitleSoftware LinkDate
Delt-A/CVE-2024-36401-pochttps://github.com/Delt-A/CVE-2024-36401-poc2026-05-30
reveravip/Exploit-CVE-2024-36401https://github.com/reveravip/Exploit-CVE-2024-364012025-07-21
holokitty/Exploit-CVE-2024-36401https://github.com/holokitty/Exploit-CVE-2024-364012025-07-21
cochaviz/cve-2024-36401-pochttps://github.com/cochaviz/cve-2024-36401-poc2025-05-04
amoy6228/CVE-2024-36401_Geoserver_RCE_POChttps://github.com/amoy6228/CVE-2024-36401_Geoserver_RCE_POC2025-04-30
whitebear-ch/GeoServerExploithttps://github.com/whitebear-ch/GeoServerExploit2025-01-07
XiaomingX/cve-2024-36401-pochttps://github.com/XiaomingX/cve-2024-36401-poc2024-11-22
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🚨 GeoServer Zero-Day Exploited at Scale as Threat Actors Weaponize #CVE-2024-36401 for Silent #Crypto #Mining https://t.co/ebmmQWfPIn
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Configuration 1
TypeVendorProduct
AppGeotoolsgeotools
AppGeoservergeoserver
ReferenceLink
GITHUBhttps://github.com/Warxim/CVE-2022-41852?tab=readme-ov-file#workaround-for-cve-2022-41852
GITHUBhttps://github.com/geoserver/geoserver/security/advisories/GHSA-6jj6-gm7p-fcvv
GITHUBhttps://github.com/geotools/geotools/security/advisories/GHSA-w3pj-wh35-fq8w
GITHUBhttps://osgeo-org.atlassian.net/browse/GEOT-7587
GITHUBhttps://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/geoserver-rce-cve-2024-36401
AF854A3A-2127-422B-91AE-364DA2661108https://github.com/Warxim/CVE-2022-41852?tab=readme-ov-file#workaround-for-cve-2022-41852
AF854A3A-2127-422B-91AE-364DA2661108https://github.com/geoserver/geoserver/security/advisories/GHSA-6jj6-gm7p-fcvv
AF854A3A-2127-422B-91AE-364DA2661108https://github.com/geotools/geotools/pull/4797
AF854A3A-2127-422B-91AE-364DA2661108https://github.com/geotools/geotools/security/advisories/GHSA-w3pj-wh35-fq8w
AF854A3A-2127-422B-91AE-364DA2661108https://osgeo-org.atlassian.net/browse/GEOT-7587
AF854A3A-2127-422B-91AE-364DA2661108https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/geoserver-rce-cve-2024-36401
[email protected]https://github.com/Warxim/CVE-2022-41852?tab=readme-ov-file#workaround-for-cve-2022-41852
[email protected]https://github.com/geoserver/geoserver/security/advisories/GHSA-6jj6-gm7p-fcvv
[email protected]https://github.com/geotools/geotools/pull/4797
[email protected]https://github.com/geotools/geotools/security/advisories/GHSA-w3pj-wh35-fq8w
[email protected]https://osgeo-org.atlassian.net/browse/GEOT-7587
HTTPS://GITHUB.COM/GEOSERVER/GEOSERVER/SECURITY/ADVISORIES/GHSA-6JJ6-GM7P-FCVVhttps://github.com/geoserver/geoserver/security/advisories/GHSA-6jj6-gm7p-fcvv
HTTPS://GITHUB.COM/GEOTOOLS/GEOTOOLS/PULL/4797https://github.com/geotools/geotools/pull/4797
HTTPS://GITHUB.COM/GEOTOOLS/GEOTOOLS/SECURITY/ADVISORIES/GHSA-W3PJ-WH35-FQ8Whttps://github.com/geotools/geotools/security/advisories/GHSA-w3pj-wh35-fq8w
HTTPS://GITHUB.COM/WARXIM/CVE-2022-41852?TAB=README-OV-FILE#WORKAROUND-FOR-CVE-2022-41852https://github.com/Warxim/CVE-2022-41852?tab=readme-ov-file#workaround-for-cve-2022-41852
HTTPS://OSGEO-ORG.ATLASSIAN.NET/BROWSE/GEOT-7587https://osgeo-org.atlassian.net/browse/GEOT-7587
[email protected]https://github.com/Warxim/CVE-2022-41852?tab=readme-ov-file#workaround-for-cve-2022-41852
[email protected]https://github.com/geoserver/geoserver/security/advisories/GHSA-6jj6-gm7p-fcvv
[email protected]https://github.com/geotools/geotools/pull/4797
[email protected]https://github.com/geotools/geotools/security/advisories/GHSA-w3pj-wh35-fq8w
[email protected]https://osgeo-org.atlassian.net/browse/GEOT-7587
GITHUBhttps://github.com/Warxim/CVE-2022-41852?tab=readme-ov-file#workaround-for-cve-2022-41852
GITHUBhttps://github.com/geoserver/geoserver/security/advisories/GHSA-6jj6-gm7p-fcvv
GITHUBhttps://github.com/geotools/geotools/security/advisories/GHSA-w3pj-wh35-fq8w
GITHUBhttps://osgeo-org.atlassian.net/browse/GEOT-7587
HTTPS://GITHUB.COM/GEOSERVER/GEOSERVER/SECURITY/ADVISORIES/GHSA-6JJ6-GM7P-FCVVhttps://github.com/geoserver/geoserver/security/advisories/GHSA-6jj6-gm7p-fcvv
HTTPS://GITHUB.COM/GEOTOOLS/GEOTOOLS/PULL/4797https://github.com/geotools/geotools/pull/4797
HTTPS://GITHUB.COM/GEOTOOLS/GEOTOOLS/SECURITY/ADVISORIES/GHSA-W3PJ-WH35-FQ8Whttps://github.com/geotools/geotools/security/advisories/GHSA-w3pj-wh35-fq8w
HTTPS://GITHUB.COM/WARXIM/CVE-2022-41852?TAB=README-OV-FILE#WORKAROUND-FOR-CVE-2022-41852https://github.com/Warxim/CVE-2022-41852?tab=readme-ov-file#workaround-for-cve-2022-41852
HTTPS://OSGEO-ORG.ATLASSIAN.NET/BROWSE/GEOT-7587https://osgeo-org.atlassian.net/browse/GEOT-7587
AF854A3A-2127-422B-91AE-364DA2661108https://github.com/Warxim/CVE-2022-41852?tab=readme-ov-file#workaround-for-cve-2022-41852
AF854A3A-2127-422B-91AE-364DA2661108https://github.com/geoserver/geoserver/security/advisories/GHSA-6jj6-gm7p-fcvv
AF854A3A-2127-422B-91AE-364DA2661108https://github.com/geotools/geotools/pull/4797
AF854A3A-2127-422B-91AE-364DA2661108https://github.com/geotools/geotools/security/advisories/GHSA-w3pj-wh35-fq8w
AF854A3A-2127-422B-91AE-364DA2661108https://osgeo-org.atlassian.net/browse/GEOT-7587
AF854A3A-2127-422B-91AE-364DA2661108https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/geoserver-rce-cve-2024-36401
[email protected]https://github.com/Warxim/CVE-2022-41852?tab=readme-ov-file#workaround-for-cve-2022-41852
[email protected]https://github.com/geoserver/geoserver/security/advisories/GHSA-6jj6-gm7p-fcvv
[email protected]https://github.com/geotools/geotools/pull/4797
[email protected]https://github.com/geotools/geotools/security/advisories/GHSA-w3pj-wh35-fq8w
[email protected]https://osgeo-org.atlassian.net/browse/GEOT-7587
GITHUBhttps://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/geoserver-rce-cve-2024-36401
CWE IDCWE NameDescription
CWE-95Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection')The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes code syntax before using the input in a dynamic evaluation call (e.g. eval).
CWE-94Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')The software constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.

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