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CVE-2024-36401
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Security Intelligence Brief
- CVSS Score: 9.8 (Critical)
- Severity Level: Critical
- Disclosure Details: The vulnerability was published on 2024-07-01 15:25:41 UTC and last modified on 2025-10-21 22:56:21 UTC. It has been confirmed that active exploits for this vulnerability have been published.
- Vendor: Open-source project GeoServer
- Product: GeoServer
- Affected Versions: All GeoServer versions prior to 2.22.6, 2.23.6, 2.24.4, and 2.25.2.
- Affected Systems: All GeoServer instances are affected, as the vulnerability's underlying mechanism is incorrectly applied to simple feature types in addition to complex feature types.
commons-jxpath library. The commons-jxpath library is capable of executing arbitrary code when evaluating XPath expressions. While this XPath evaluation was intended only for complex feature types (e.g., Application Schema data stores), it is erroneously applied to simple feature types as well. This design flaw leads to the Remote Code Execution vulnerability. The attack vector involves unauthenticated users sending specially crafted input through various OGC request parameters, including:- WFS GetFeature
- WFS GetPropertyValue
- WMS GetMap
- WMS GetFeatureInfo
- WMS GetLegendGraphic
- WPS Execute requests
commons-jxpath library. This unsafe evaluation allows the arbitrary code embedded within the specially crafted input to be executed on the GeoServer host. Although no public Proof-of-Concept (PoC) has been provided, the exploitability has been confirmed.The primary mitigation is to upgrade GeoServer to a patched version. The following versions contain fixes for this issue:
- GeoServer 2.22.6
- GeoServer 2.23.6
- GeoServer 2.24.4
- GeoServer 2.25.2
As a temporary workaround, the
gt-complex-x.y.jar file can be removed from the GeoServer installation directory. The x.y placeholder represents the GeoTools version (e.g., gt-complex-31.1.jar for GeoServer 2.25.1). Removing this file will eliminate the vulnerable code. However, this workaround may break some GeoServer functionality or prevent GeoServer from deploying correctly if the gt-complex module is a necessary dependency for the specific GeoServer configuration.gt-complex-x.y.jar file would indicate an attempt to mitigate, although upgrading is the recommended long-term solution.- Unusual outbound network connections originating from the GeoServer host to unknown or suspicious destinations.
- The presence of unexpected or unauthorized processes running on the GeoServer server.
- Unexplained modifications to files or the creation of new, unauthorized files within the GeoServer installation directory or other system locations.
- Anomalous entries in GeoServer logs or system logs, particularly around OGC requests, that might indicate attempted exploitation or execution of arbitrary commands.
- Spikes in CPU or memory utilization for the GeoServer process that are not attributable to legitimate operations.
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